Aortic dissection after mitral valve replacement: the role of intraoperative echocardiography in this diagnosis / Dissecção de aorta pós-troca valvar mitral: o papel da ecocardiografia intraoperatória no diagnóstico

Abstract According to the most recent guidelines, the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in valvular surgeries is well established, as well as its use in the diagnosis, management, and rescue of perioperative complications. The aim of this case report is to illustrate a condition in which its intraoperative use had a positive influence on the outcome.

Resumo O uso da ecocardiografia transesofágica no intraoperatório em cirurgias valvulares é bem estabelecido de acordo com os guidelines mais recentes, assim como o seu uso no diagnóstico, manuseio e resgate de complicações perioperatórias. O objetivo deste relato de caso é ilustrar uma situação em que o seu uso no intraoperatório influenciou de maneira positiva o seu desfecho.

[Aortic dissection after mitral valve replacement: the role of intraoperative echocardiography in the diagnosis]. / Dissecção de aorta pós­troca valvar mitral: o papel da ecocardiografia intraoperatória no diagnóstico.

According to the most recent guidelines, the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in valvular surgeries is well established, as well as its use in the diagnosis, management, and rescue of perioperative complications. The aim of this case report is to illustrate a condition in which its intraoperative use had a positive influence on the outcome.

Progressão de Valvopatia Esquerda durante o Uso de Dopaminérgicos / Progression of Left Valve Disease during Use of Dopaminergic Drugs

A cabergolina e a bromocriptina são drogas dopaminérgicas derivadas do ergot e utilizadas para tratamento de distúrbios hiperprolactinêmicos idiopáticos ou adenomas hipofisários, cujo mecanismo de ação é decorrente da redução da secreção de prolactina. Alguns relatos na literatura demonstram que a cabergolina pode causar valvopatia após sua administração a longo prazo. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de macroprolactinoma que fez uso intercalado de cabergolina e bromocriptina e desenvolveu alterações valvares antes inexistentes

Complication of hybrid treatment in type B aortic dissection diagnosed by echocardiography.

This case illustrates an unusual and fatal complication after endovascular treatment of type B aortic dissection and highlights the role of echocardiography in the early diagnosis of complications. In this case, a patient with previous diagnosis of chronic type B aortic dissection and moderate aortic regurgitation underwent endovascular repair of the proximal descending aorta and conservative surgical correction of the aortic valve. On early postoperative, a transesophageal echocardiogram and aortic angiotomography demonstrated proximal endoleak by contrast extravasation around the proximal graft attachment site, causing compression of the stent in its middle portion, resulting in narrowing with reduced cross-sectional area.

Rare Complication of non-Treated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Extensive Thrombus in Right Cardiac Chambers.

A 78-year-old patient presented with shortness of breath after falling down. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an extensive thrombus in the right atrium (RA), extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A magnetic resonance confirmed the thrombosis of the RA extending to the IVC, which was apparently fused to the abdominal aortic aneurysm (compression? erosion?). This case illustrates a severe and rare complication of a non-treated AAA. There probably was IVC erosion by the aortic aneurysm, leading to blood stasis and extensive thrombosis of the IVC and right cardiac chambers.

Rare Complication of non-Treated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Extensive Thrombus in Right Cardiac Chambers / Complicação Rara de Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal não Tratado: Trombo Extenso em Câmaras Cardíacas Direitas

Abstract A 78-year-old patient presented with shortness of breath after falling down. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an extensive thrombus in the right atrium (RA), extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A magnetic resonance confirmed the thrombosis of the RA extending to the IVC, which was apparently fused to the abdominal aortic aneurysm (compression? erosion?). This case illustrates a severe and rare complication of a non-treated AAA. There probably was IVC erosion by the aortic aneurysm, leading to blood stasis and extensive thrombosis of the IVC and right cardiac chambers.

Resumo Uma paciente de 78 anos procurou o serviço de emergência apresentando dispneia após sofrer queda da própria altura. O ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrou um extenso trombo no átrio direito (AD), trombose extensa da veia cava inferior (VCI), e aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA). A ressonância magnética confirmou a trombose do AD estendendo-se até a VCI, a qual aparentemente apresentava fusão ao aneurisma da aorta abdominal (compressão? erosão?). Este caso ilustra uma complicação grave e rara de um AAA não tratado. Provavelmente houve uma erosão da VCI pelo aneurisma da aorta resultando em estase sanguínea e trombose extensa da veia cava inferior e cavidades cardíacas direitas.

Estudo dos principais fatores de risco para acidente vascular encefálico / Study on the risk factors for stroke

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma doença de grande importância para a saúde pública por ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade e invalidez nos países industrializados. A maioria das doenças cerebrovasculares pode ser atribuída à hipertensão e à aterosclerose, sendo essa a principal responsável pelos acidentes vasculares encefálicos isquêmicos (AVEi). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência dos principais fatores de risco para AVE numa determinada população. MÉTODO: Foram incluídas nesse estudo famílias cadastradas na área 1 da Unidade Básica de Saúde do Pari, Mooca. Foram levantados os fatores de risco das pessoas com idade entre 30 e 90 anos. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis descritivas: idade, sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus e insuficiência coronariana. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 300 prontuários levantados, 60,3% eram do sexo feminino com idade entre 38 e 90 anos e os do sexo masculino representaram 39,7% com idade entre 30 e 82 anos. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi o fator de risco mais prevalente (73,6%), seguida pelo diabetes mellitus (39,6%), dislipidemia (39,3%), insuficiência coronariana (18,6%) e etilismo (4%). Foram registrados 10 casos de AVE isquêmico em pacientes com idade entre 65 e 82 anos, todos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, hipertensos e diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: Deve-se enfatizar a promoção de estilos de vida mais saudáveis; controles periódicos e tratamento adequado da hipertensão e demais fatores de risco, são essenciais para prevenir e diminuir a incidência de AVE.

BACKGROUND AND OJECTIVES: Stroke is a very important disease for Public Health, because it is one of the main causes of mortality and invalidity in industrialized countries.Cerebrovascular disease in their majority is referred to hypertension and atherosclerosis, this last being the principal cause of ischemic strokes. The objective of this study was to conduct an investigation of the prevalence of the main risk factors for brainvascular accidents among this population. METHOD: This study included families enrolled in Area 1 of the Basic Health Unit of Pari in the borough of Mooca, São Paulo. The main risk factors in people from 30 to 90 years of age were investigated. The following descriptive variables were considered: age, gender, smoking, drinking, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and coronary insufficiency. RESULTS: Among the 300 medical charts studied, 60.3% were females between 38 and 90 years of age, and males represented 39.7%, with ages ranging from 30 to 82. Systemic arterial hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (73.6%), followed by diabetes mellitus (39.6%), dyslipidemia (39.3%), coronary insufficiency (18.6%) and drinking (4%). There were 10 reported cases of ischemic stroke (CVA) in patients aged 65 to 82, all males, smokers, hypertensive, and diabetics. CONCLUSION: Motivating patients to adopt changes in lifestyle and providing guidelines about the importance of periodic checkups and proper treatment for hypertension and other risk factors are critical to preventing and decreasing the occurrence of CVA.

Terminologia da ausculta pulmonar utilizada em publicações médicas brasileiras, no período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 2003 / Pulmonary auscultation terminology employed in Brazilian medical journals between January of 1980 and December of 2003

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação de uso de termos semiológicos da ausculta pulmonar em publicações médicas brasileiras sobre doenças respiratórias, no período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 2003. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, analisando-se três revistas médicas: Jornal de Pneumologia, Jornal de Pediatria e Revista Médica Brasileira. Foram selecionados os artigos originais e relatos de casos sobre doenças respiratórias, de onde foram extraídos os termos semiológicos da ausculta pulmonar. Foi avaliada a adequação dos termos na descrição dos ruídos adventícios. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se maior inadequação no uso dos termos de ruídos descontínuos, comparado com o uso dos termos de ruídos contínuos (87,7 por cento versus 44 por cento, p = 0,0000). Não houve diferença significativa entre relatos de pneumologistas e de outros especialistas quanto à inadequação no uso dos termos (56,5 por cento versus 62,0 por cento, p = 0,26). Também não observamos diferença significativa entre as regiões do país e os períodos antes e após a divulgação da nomenclatura internacional. CONCLUSÃO: O uso inadequado dos termos para descrever ruídos adventícios na ausculta pulmonar continua sendo um fenômeno freqüente e geral nas publicações médicas brasileiras.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriateness of the use of auscultation terminology in Brazilian respiratory disease-related medical journals published between January of 1980 and December of 2003. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating three medical journals: the Jornal de Pneumologia (Journal of Pulmonology), Jornal de Pediatria (Journal of Pediatrics) and Revista Brasileira de Medicina (Brazilian Journal of Medicine). Original articles and case reports about respiratory diseases were selected, and auscultation terminology was extracted from these articles. The appropriateness of terms used to describe adventitious sounds was assessed. RESULTS: We found that the inappropriate use of terms was more frequent when intermittent sounds were described than when continuous sounds were described (87.7 percent versus 44.0 percent; p = 0.0000). No significant difference was observed between the inappropriate use of terms by pulmonologists and that observed for other specialists (56.5 percent versus 62.0 percent; p = 0.26). In addition, there were no significant differences among the various regions of the country or between the periods prior to and after the dissemination of international nomenclature. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate use of pulmonary auscultation terms describing adventitious sounds remains common and widespread in Brazilian medical publications.

Pulmonary auscultation terminology employed in Brazilian medical journals between January of 1980 and December of 2003.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriateness of the use of auscultation terminology in Brazilian respiratory disease-related medical journals published between January of 1980 and December of 2003. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating three medical journals: the Jornal de Pneumologia (Journal of Pulmonology), Jornal de Pediatria (Journal of Pediatrics) and Revista Brasileira de Medicina (Brazilian Journal of Medicine). Original articles and case reports about respiratory diseases were selected, and auscultation terminology was extracted from these articles. The appropriateness of terms used to describe adventitious sounds was assessed. RESULTS: We found that the inappropriate use of terms was more frequent when intermittent sounds were described than when continuous sounds were described (87.7% versus 44.0%; p = 0.0000). No significant difference was observed between the inappropriate use of terms by pulmonologists and that observed for other specialists (56.5% versus 62.0%; p = 0.26). In addition, there were no significant differences among the various regions of the country or between the periods prior to and after the dissemination of international nomenclature. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate use of pulmonary auscultation terms describing adventitious sounds remains common and widespread in Brazilian medical publications.